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Saturday, February 16, 2002 Submitted by Calvin Finch,
Ph.D., Manager, Conservation Division, Water Resources & Conservation
Department, SAWS, and Horticulturist SHRUBS WITH BERRIES There are a number of birds that eat berries. We can
plant shrubs that produce the fruit they seek. The same shrubs are
often very attractive and also provide nesting sites for birds.Hollies
are available in many different sizes. Theres a size to fit
every landscape need from groundcover to small tree. They will grow
in sun or shade and are excellent xeriscape plants. Some of the hollies
are also berry producers.The dwarf and standard Burford hollies produce
berries that birds will eat after they are softened by cold weather.
Dwarf Burford holly is a disciplined grower that reaches about five
feet tall. Its standard size cousin reaches eight feet tall. Both
are favorite nesting sites for cardinals and chipping sparrows.The
standard size yaupon can be trained to a 20-foot single trunk tree,
an espalier, or a hedge. It is very versatile and, however you use
it, the berries will be produced. The deciduous yaupon or possomhaw
is very showy in the winter with its small red berries on the horizontal
branches. It grows to seven or eight feet tall. It is not as tolerant
of shade as other hollies.Nandinas join the hollies in being basic
xeriscape shrubs. The standard nandina reaches seven feet and in partial
shade or full sun produces very attractive clusters of red berries.
The nandina berries are not as popular with birds as hollies, but
mockingbirds and others eventually eat them.There are a number of
viburnums that produce berries. The rusty blackhaw gets 10 or 12 feet
tall and spreads wide. It has good fall color and the summer berries
are popular with birds. Sweet viburnum also reaches 10 or 12 feet
tall but does not seem to spread as readily. It has an umbelo of white
fragrant blooms in late winter followed by small blue berries that
are readily eaten by the birds. The sweet viburnum is evergreen most
winters.One of the most popular berries is produced by pyracantha.
Mockingbirds, cardinals, and cedar waxwings usually strip ours before
mid winter. Pyracanthas have thorns and respond well to pruning so
make a great tall (12 to 15 feet) blocking hedge. Birds also like
it as a nesting site. Plant pyracantha in full sun. The orange berries
are very showy.The little gray berries on the wax myrtle are not showy
but the birds always find them. Pope, Odenwald and Fryling in their
book Attracting Birds to Southern Gardens report that
many species eat the little berries including warblers, vireos and
kinglets. Wax myrtle makes a big evergreen shrub 12 by 10 feet. There
is a classic specimen at the San Antonio Botanical Gardens as you
enter the conservatory. Wax myrtle likes full sun but tolerates some
shade.Not too many nice things are said about the wax leaf ligustrum,
but in terms of berry production it is hard to beat. The evergreen
shrub reaches 16 to 18 feet tall in full sun and produces a huge crop.
I have seven or eight naturalized in my yard. Every winter a large
flock of cedar waxwings spend three weeks stripping the trees of
berries. Ligustrum is spread by seed (by our friends the birds)
and have to be cut from fence lines and from the middle of our more
desirable shrubs, but every bird lovers yard should probably
have at least one.Agarita is a native shrub that with its spined leaves
resembles a holly. Most of us see it growing at the base of mesquites
or other trees. The yellow blooms are showy for a brief time in the
spring. They are followed by berries that you may not even notice
because the birds eat them so fast. South Texans talk about a tasty
agarita jelly but I have yet to see any. The jelly may be more legend
than fact. Local nurseries sometimes have a small supply of agaritas
or look for it in native plant sales. Agaritas are not compact shrubs
and do not pass the test as specimen plants, but the birds will appreciate
a thicket of three or four plants in a corner of the yard.
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