BULLETIN NO. 31 JUNE 1925
How to Grow the Peanut and 105 Ways of Preparing it for Human Consumption
By GEORGE CARVER, M. S. in Agr., Director
EXPERIMENTAL STATION, TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE,
Tuskegee Institute, Alabama
Reprinted 1983 for Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site, George Washington Carver National Monument by Eastern National Park and Monument Association
Of all the money crops grown by Macon County farmers, perhaps there are none more promising than the peanut in its several varieties and their almost limitless possibilities.
Of the many good things in their favor, the following stand out as most prominent:
- Like all other members of the pod-bearing family, they enrich the soil.
- They are easily and cheaply grown.
- For man the nuts possess a wider range of food values than any other legume.
- The nutritive value of the hay as a stock food compares favorably with that of the cowpea.
- They are easy to plant, easy to grow, and easy to harvest.
- The great food-and-forage value of the peanut will increase in proportion to the rapidity with which we make it a real study. This will increase consumption, and, therefore, must increase production.
- In Macon County, two crops per year of the Spanish variety can be raised.
- The peanut exerts a dietetic or a medicinal effect upon the human system that is very desirable.
- doubt if there is another foodstuff that can be so universally eaten, in some form, by every individual.
- Pork fattened from peanuts and hardened off with a little corn just before killing, is almost if not quite equal to the famous red-gravy hams, or the world renowned Beechnut breakfast bacon.
- The nuts yield a high percentage of oil of superior quality.
- The clean cake, after the oil has been removed, is very high in muscle-building properties (protein), and the ease with which the meal blends in with flour, meal, etc., makes it of especial value to bakers, confectioners, candy-makers, and ice cream factories.
- Peanut oil is one of the best known vegetable oils.
- A pound of peanuts contain a little more of the body-building nutrients than a pound of sirloin steak, while of the heat and energy producing nutrients it has more than twice as much.
VARIETIES
There are many varieties of the peanut, all possessing more or less merit. A number have been tested here on our Station grounds and we can heartily recommend the following varieties in the order named:
First, The Spanish---As compared with most other varieties, the vines are small, and upright in growth, with nearly all the pods clinging close to the tap-root; hence, they can be planted closer together and the yield will be larger.
This variety produced 59 bushels per acre on very light, sandy soil.
Second, The Georgia and Tennessee Red---These are practically one and the same variety-habit of growth, and fruiting qualities are much the same as the Spanish-with us it made a slightly lower yield.
This variety has from three to four kernels to the pod. The nuts are rich in flavor.
Third, The Virginia Running Variety---This variety is often referred to as the typical American peanut. It is decidedly the most popular with the trade. The pods are large and white, the vines spreading, and under favorable conditions it fruits nearly out to the ends of the branches.
SOIL
With reference to soil, there are two things to bear in mind; viz., whether they are for market or home consumption.
The trade demands a light-colored shell, which is only produced on light, sandy, porous soil.
More bushels per acre can be grown on stiff clayey soil than upon light soil, but the pods will be stained dark. In fact, any land that will produce good corn will produce good peanuts provided there is plenty of lime in it.
PREPARATION
In the preparation of the soil, the chief essentials are:
- Deep plowing, from 8 to 9 inches.
- Thorough pulverization with a harrow, drag, smoothing board, etc.
- Remove all stones, roots, stumps, clods, and obstructions of all kinds.
FERTILIZERS FOR PEANUTS
The peanut is an interesting plant, in that it adjusts itself to many kinds and methods of fertilization. It does well fertilized exactly as for corn; makes a splendid yield when given the same treatment as cowpeas; does equally well when fertilized the same as for cotton.
For the sandy soils of Macon County, we found the following compost mixture most satisfactory:
In the fall and winter, a large pen was filled with leaves---muck from the swamp---and farmyard manure. The mixture consisted of one load of leaves from the woods together with the rich top earth, one load of muck from the swamp, and one load of manure from the barns, pig-pen, poultry house, etc. The pen was filled in this way, a rough shed put over it to throw off the excess of water, so that the fertility would not be washed out. Eighteen tons of this mixture, together with 100 lbs. acid phosphate, 50 lbs. kainit, and 200 lbs. lime, were applied to the acre.
Where one must depend upon a commercial mixture, the one given below gave decidedly the largest yield:
- Acid Phosphate 55 lbs.
- Cotton-seed meal 125 lbs.
- Kainit 100 lbs.
- Barnyard manure. 3 tons
- Agricultural lime 200 lbs.
PLANTING
The time for planting the peanut in this locality is practically the same as for corn, beginning about the middle of March when not hulled, and the first of April when shelled. A good plan is to break the shell crosswise; they come up almost as quickly as when shelled.
If the Spanish peanut is shelled and planted early in April, it will mature about the middle of July, when they can be pulled, the ground prepared again, reseeded, and a second crop produced.
There are two principal methods of planting the peanut; viz., in drills and checks. The drill method proved most desirable with us, giving the largest yield.
For the Spanish we placed our rows from 2 1/2 to 3 feet apart; for the running varieties, from 3 to 3 1/2 feet apart. Furrows were run as nearly 4 inches deep as possible, the compost put directly into the furrow, and the nuts planted on it.
CULTIVATION
If the land has been well prepared as above directed and is practically free from weed seeds, the cultivation will be quite simple. Cultivate only enough to keep the ground soft and mellow and free from weeds.
There are two methods, however, of cultivating the peanut; viz., the ridge method, and the flat method. We tried both, and the flat method gave decidedly the best results.
HARVESTING
The time to harvest varies with the date of planting and the variety of peanut. Experienced planters prefer to get their crop harvested before the first killing frost, because it not only injures some of the nuts, but greatly damages the hay, by lowering its feeding value and causing the vines to drop their leaves.
There are a number of special plows and devices made to render harvesting of a crop as easy as possible. All of them have more or less merit. The small farmer, however, can use to good advantage the same method used in harvesting the sweet potato; viz., that of plowing a furrow on each side of the vines, and then bursting out the middle containing the vines, which can be picked up readily, the earth shaken off and the vines, wind-rowed, loosely piled, or treated in any way desired. An old and favorite way is to plow up the vines in the morning of a warm, sunshiny day, allowing them to dry until late in the afternoon when they are gathered up and stacked around poles, which are about 7 feet high, and set firmly in the ground at convenient places over the field.
Logs or poles should be laid on the ground around the center pole, so as to keep the vines off the ground. Stack loosely so the air can pass through freely. Care should be taken to stack the vines so the peanuts will be on the inside next to the pole.
Cap the stacks with hay, straw, corn stalks, or anything that will turn the water. If the weather is good they may be safely picked, in from 15 to 20 days after stacking.
PICKING
There are so many good pickers on the market now, together with a great many simple and effective home-made devices, that I think any further mention of them would be wholly out of place.
PREPARATION FOR MARKET
Peanuts, like everything else, sell more quickly and bring a better price if the nuts are uniform in size, clean, and the shells of a bright color. If washing is necessary, it should be done on a clear warm day, and they should be dried quickly in the sun.
A large number of the pops and otherwise faulty nuts can be removed by winnowing them in a good strong wind, like peas. They should now be put in bags holding 100 lbs. each. Put away in a dry, well ventilated house until ready to sell. The pops and faulty nuts can be fed to the hogs.
PEANUT HAY
Hay made from peanut vines, like all our cultivated pod-bearing plants, possesses high feeding value. The following table, from the best known authorities, shows it as compared with alfalfa, cow-pea vines, crimson and burr clover (air dried material)
| Carbohydrates | ||||||
| Name | Water | Crude ash | Protein | Crude fiber | Fats | Fat formers |
| Peanut | 7.83% | 17.04% | 11.75% | 22.11% | 1.84% | 46.95% |
| Alfalfa | 6.95% | 7.49% | 16.48% | 31.38% | 2.03% | 42.62% |
| Cow-pea Vines | 10.29% | 9.10% | 19.72% | 21.99% | 4.04% | 45.15% |
| Crimson Clover | 9.6% | 8.6% | 15.2% | 27.2% | 2.8% | 36.6% |
| Red Clover | 14.30% | 7.47% | 12.84% | 29.27% | 2.11% | 48.31% |
1t is readily seen by the above table that peanut hay compares very favorably with the much prized market hays of superior feeding value. One and one-fourth tons of cured hay was produced on an acre in our Station, in addition to the 59 bushels of nuts.
AS A FOOD FOR MAN
By reason of its superior food value, the peanut has become almost a universal diet for man, and when we learn its real value, I think I am perfectly safe in the assertion that it will not only become a prime essential in every well-balanced dietary, but a real necessity. Indeed, I do not know of any one vegetable that has such a wide range of food possibilities either raw or cooked.
Below are given 105 ways of preparing the peanuts for human consumption, with the hope that every farmer will learn to appreciate them and raise large quantities for his own consumption; and also with the hope that the city folk will find the diet not only wholesome, satisfying, healthful and appetizing, but very economical. Fourteen recipes were selected from this number, and a five course luncheon served to ten food specialists; and each one without exception was enthusiastic over it, and said it was the most satisfying luncheon he or she had ever eaten.
A glance at the table below is sufficient to impress anyone most favorably with the superior value of the peanut as a food:
| Protein | Carbohydrates | |||
| Food | Water | (Muscle builders) | (Fat formers) | |
| Peanuts | 9.2% | 25.8% | 63.0% | |
| Boston Beans | 12.6% | 22.5% | 59.6% | |
| Cowpeas | 13.0% | 21.4% | 60.8% | |
105 WAYS OF USING THE PEANUT
NO. 1, PEANUT SOUP
One quart of milk, 2 tablespoons butter, 2 tablespoons flour, 1 cup peanuts.
Cook peanuts until soft; remove skins, mash or grind until very fine; let milk come to a boil; add the peanuts; cook 20 minutes.
Rub flour into a smooth paste with milk; add butter to the peanuts and milk; stir in flour; season with salt and pepper to taste; serve hot.
NO. 2, PEANUT SOUP NUMBER TWO
Take roasted peanuts; grind or mash real fine; to every half a pint add a quart of milk, half a teaspoon salt, 1 saltspoon pepper, 1 small onion minced very fine, 1 bay leaf, 1 stalk of celery chopped very fine or a saltspoon celery seed. Cook for 15 minutes. Great care must be exercised to keep from burning.
Moisten 1 tablespoon of corn starch in a quarter cup of cold milk; add to the soup; stir until thick and smooth; strain through a fine sieve, and serve with peanut wafers.
NO. 3, PEANUT BISQUE
To 3 cups of boiling milk, add half a teaspoon chopped onion, a pinch of salt and pepper; rub to a smooth paste a tablespoon of flour with water; add half cup of peanut butter; stir in the flour; boil 3 minutes longer; serve with peanut wafers.
NO. 4, PEANUT SOUP NUMBER FOUR
Boil 10 minutes in half a cup of water, half a cup of chopped celery, a tablespoon of chopped onion, the same amount of red and green peppers mixed; add a cup of peanut butter and 3 cups of rich milk to which has been added 1 tablespoon of flour; add 1 teaspoon of sugar; boil two minutes and serve.
NO. 5, CONSOMME OF PEANUTS.
Take 1 pint of shelled peanuts; boil or steam until the skins can be removed; boil in salted water until tender and until nearly all the water boils away; add 1 quart of beef stock, a few grains of cayenne pepper, half a teaspoon salt; let boil slowly for 10 minutes; serve hot.
NO. 6, PUREE OF PEANUTS
1 pint of peanuts, blanched and ground
1 tablespoon butter
1 egg well beaten
1 pint milk
1/2 cup cream
NOTE---Unless designated otherwise, the peanuts should be blanched.
Let the milk and cream come to a boil; stir in all the other ingredients; add more milk if too thick; salt and pepper to taste; serve at once with peanut wafers.
NO. 7, PUREE OF PEANUTS NUMBER TWO (EXTRA FINE)
Take 1 pint of peanuts; roast until the shells rub off easily (do not brown); grind very fine; add a saltspoon of salt, 1 teaspoon of sugar; pour on boiling water, and stir until thick as cream. Set in double boiler and boil from 8 to 10 hours; set away and allow to get thoroughly cold; turn out. Can be eaten hot or cold. When sliced, rolled in bread crumbs or cracker dust and fried a chicken brown, it makes an excellent substitute for meat.
A generous layer between slices of bread makes an excellent sandwich.
NO. 8, PEANUT BREAD NUMBER ONE
Into any good biscuit dough, work in a liberal supply of blanched and ground nuts; roll out thin; cut in small discs, and bake in a quick oven and serve hot.
NO. 9, PEANUT BREAD NUMBER TWO
1/3 cupful blanched and chopped nuts
1/2 cupful sweet milk
1/2 cupful sugar
1 egg, beat in 2 teaspoons baking powder
2 cupfuls sifted flour
Mix these ingredients; make into small loaves or biscuits; let rise for one-half hour. Bake in a slow oven until done, which will require about 50 minutes.
NO. 10, ENGLISH PEANUT BREAD
2 cups liquid yeast
2 tablespoons of sugar
1 tablespoon butter
1 teaspoon of salt
Add flour as long as you can, stir it well with a spoon; beat it long and hard; let it stand in a warm place over night; in the morning add one cup of blanched and finely chopped peanuts; add flour to make a soft dough; let stand in a warm place until light; bake in a moderate oven one hour.
NO. 11, AUNT NELLIE'S PEANUT BROWN BREAD
1 1/2 cups white flour
2 teaspoons baking powder
1 1/2 cups Graham flour
1 teaspoon salt
1 1/2 cups blanched and ground peanuts
1/2 cup sweet milk, or just enough to make a soft dough
Mix well together and bake in a moderate oven.
NO. 12, OAT MEAL PEANUT BREAD (DELICIOUS)
2 cups liquid yeast
1 teaspoon salt
2 cups rolled oats
1 tablespoon butter
2 teaspoons sugar
Add white flour as long as you can stir it; beat well; let rise over night; stir up well in the morning; add one cup of chopped or ground peanuts; pour into buttered baking-pan and set in a warm place to rise; when light bake in a moderate oven for one hour.
NO. 13, PEANUT BREAD NUMBER THREE
A delicious loaf can be made by adding half a pint of finely ground nuts to every loaf of bread when baking. Add the nuts when the bread is worked down the last time.
NO. 14, PEANUT ROLLS NUMBER ONE
2 cups of soft, white bread-crumbs
4 tablespoons peanut butter
1/2 cupful grated cocoanut, chopped fine
1 saltspoon celery seed
1 teaspoon salt
1 well beaten egg
1/2 pound blanched and ground peanuts
Mix thoroughly; make into rolls, and fry in a deep fat, or bake in an oven; serve with nut sauce.
NO. 15, PEANUT ROLLS NUMBER TWO
Make the dough exactly the same as for Parker House rolls. At the last working, add a heaping teaspoon of ground peanuts, and work into each roll.
NO. 16, SWEDISH NUT ROLLS
1 pint milk, scalded
1/2 cup yeast
to 7 or 8 cups flour
1/2 cup butter
1 scant teaspoon salt
1/4 cup sugar
2 eggs (whites)
Mix early in the morning a sponge with the milk, sugar, salt, eggs, and yeast, using flour enough to make a drop batter. Place in a pan of warm water, and when light add the butter (softened) and enough more flour to thicken it. Knead well, and let it rise again.
When light roll out into a large triangular piece one third of an inch thick. Spread all over with soft butter and a sprinkle of sugar, cinnamon, and a generous coating of finely ground peanuts. Roll over and over; cut off slices an inch thick; lay them on a well-buttered pan with the cut-side down: Let it rise again, and bake in a moderate oven.
NO. 17, PEANUT COOKIES NUMBER ONE
3 cups flour
1/2 cup butter
2 eggs
1 cup sweet milk
1 cup sugar
1 teaspoon baking powder
11/2 cups ground peanuts
Cream butter and sugar; add eggs well beaten; now add the milk and flour; flavor to taste with vanilla; and the peanuts last; drop one spoonful to the cooky in well greased pans; bake quickly.
NO. 18, PEANUT COOKIES NUMBER TWO
4 teaspoons butter
2 teaspoons baking powder
1 cup sugar
2 cups flour
2 eggs well beaten
1 cup ground peanuts
Sweet milk sufficient to make a stiff batter. Drop on well greased tins and bake quickly.
NO. 19, PEANUT COOKIES NUMBER THREE
1/3 cup butter
1/2 cup flour
2 eggs, well beaten
1 teaspoon baking powder
1/2 cup sugar
1 teaspoon lemon juice
1 cup blanched and finely
chopped peanuts
Sweet milk enough to make a stiff batter. Cream the butter and add the sugar and eggs well beaten. Sift the flour and baking powder together. Add the butter, sugar, eggs, and flour; then add the milk, nuts and lemon juice. Drop from a spoon on an unbuttered baking sheet; sprinkle with chopped nuts, and bake in a very slow oven.
NO. 20, PEANUT TEA ROLLS (DELICIOUS)
2 cups raised sponge
1/2 cup butter
1 cup sugar
1 cup ground peanuts
Take two cups of sponge, the sugar, melted butter, eggs, peanuts, and salt to taste, Mix thoroughly; knead in enough flour to make dough as for rolls. Set in a warm place to rise; when light, shape into rolls; let rise until twice their size; rub melted butter over the top with a small paint brush; then sift sugar and ground peanuts over the top.
NO. 21, PEANUT BARS
2 cups flour
1 cup coarsely chopped peanuts
1/2 cup milk
1 teaspoon baking powder
1/2 cup sugar
1 egg
2 tablespoon butter
Pinch of salt
Sift flour, salt, and baking powder into a bowl; rub in the butter, nuts, and sugar; mix to a rather stiff dough with the egg and milk; turn on to a floured board, and roll out two-thirds of an inch thick; cut into bars of convenient size, and fry in the fat until golden brown.
NO. 22, PEANUT WAFERS NUMBER ONE
2 cups flour
1/2 cup rolled peanuts
1cup water
1/2 cup butter
l cup sugar (powdered)
Rub the butter and sugar together until light and creamy; add the flour and water alternately. Lastly add the peanuts; drop on buttered tins, and bake quickly. Cut into squares while hot, as it soon gets brittle after cooling.
NO. 23, PEANUT WAFERS NUMBER TWO
1 cup flour
1 egg
1 cup sugar
1 cup blanched nuts
1/4 cup butter
Grind or roll the nuts; stir into butter; drop on buttered tins, and bake quickly.
NO. 24, PEANUT WAFERS NUMBER THREE
3 tablespoons flour
1 cupful ground peanuts
2 well-beaten eggs
1/2 lb. brown sugar
1/2 teaspoon baking powder
Mix thoroughly; drop on buttered paper and bake slowly to a light brown.
NO. 25, PEANUT MUFFINS NUMBER ONE
1/2 cupful chopped peanuts
2 eggs beaten very light
1/2 teaspoon soda, dissolved in a tablespoon of water
1/2 pint thick sour butter milk
1/2 teaspoon salt
1 1/2 cupfuls flour or enough to make a stiff batter
Add soda to the sour milk; stir well; make the batter quickly; when ready to drop into the pans add peanuts; baked in a quick oven from 20 to 25 minutes.
NO. 26, PEANUT MUFFINS NUMBER TWO
Use the above recipe and in addition add 1/2 cupful of cold cooked rice. Chopped figs, dates, etc., make very pleasing variations.
NO. 27, PEANUT DOUGHNUTS NUMBER ONE
2 eggs, beaten light
1/2 teaspoon soda
1 cup sugar
4 cups flour
1 cup sour milk
1 saltspoon salt
1 saltspoon cinnamon
3 tablespoons melted butter
1 cup finely ground or chopped peanuts
Into the well-beaten eggs stir the sugar, butter, milk, and nuts; add flour to make a dough just stiff enough to roll out; roll, cut out and fry in deep fat hot enough for the dough to rise at once.
NO. 28, PEANUT DOUGHNUTS NUMBER TWO
1 pint sweet milk
1 egg, well beaten
1/2 cup butter (softened)
1 tablespoon lemon juice
1 cup sugar
51/2 to 6 cups flour
2/3 cup yeast
1 pint chopped peanuts
Mix in the order given; rise slowly till light; roll out and cut in shape; rise quickly until very light, then fry in hot fat.
CAKES
NO. 29, PEANUT CAKE NUMBER ONE
1/4 lb. butter
2 cups flour
1 cup finely ground peanuts
4 eggs (whites only) well beaten
3/4 cup water
1 teaspoon baking powder
Beat the sugar and butter to a cream; add the water and flour; stir until smooth; add half the well beaten whites, then the nuts, then the remainder of the whites and the baking powder; pour into square, flat pans lined with greased paper to a depth of three inches, and bake in a moderate oven for 45 or 50 minutes.
NO. 30, PEANUT CAKE NUMBER TWO
9 ounces flour
1 teaspoon vanilla
4 ounces butter
1/4 teaspoon salt
4 eggs
1 teaspoon baking powder
4 ounces of chopped peanuts
Sift flour, salt, and baking powder together; cream the butter and sugar; add the vanilla, chopped nuts, yolks of eggs, well beaten; add flour, then whipped whites, and beat well; bake in a shallow pan in medium oven; when cold, ice with boiled icing.
NO. 31, PEANUT ROLL CAKE WITH JELLY
4 eggs
2/3 cup flour
2/3 cup powdered sugar
1/4 teaspoon salt
1/2 teaspoon baking powder
Beat egg yolks and sugar till light; add mixed dry ingredients, then stiffly beaten whites; mix lightly together. Bake in thin sheet in a quick oven. As soon as done turn quickly on a towel wrung out of water; spread with jelly; sprinkle liberally with coarsely chopped peanuts; roll up and dust with powdered sugar.
NO. 32, PEANUT LAYER CAKE
Make cake exactly the same as for roll cake, except bake in jelly cake tins. Make the pastry cream as follows:
2 cups sugar
1 1/2 pints milk
3 tablespoons corn starch
1 tablespoon butter
2 teaspoons extract of lemon
1 pint coarsely ground peanuts
Add peanuts to the milk; let simmer 5 minutes; with sugar add the starch dissolved in a little cold water; as soon as it reboils take from the fire; beat in the yolks; return to the fire two or three minutes to set the eggs; when cold spread between the layers of cake, and finish with clear icing garnished with blanched peanuts.
NO. 33, METROPOLITAN CAKE WITH PEANUTS
1 1/2 cups butter
1/2 cup milk
1 cup granulated sugar
1 cupful chopped peanuts and citron mixed
2 teaspoons baking powder, sifted with the flour
2 1/2 cups well sifted flour
4 eggs (whites)
Cream the butter and sugar, flour, nuts and citron before adding; bake 45 minutes in a moderate oven; flavor icing with lemon extract and garnish top with split peanuts and pecan meats.
NO. 34, PEANUT CAKE WITH MOLASSES
2 cups molasses
2 cups hot water
1 cup brown sugar
4 cups flour
l cup lard
1 egg
1 pint ground peanuts
1/4 a nutmeg, grated
2 teaspoons cinnamon
1 heaping teaspoon soda
1/2 teaspoon cloves
Mix the peanuts, spices, and soda with the flour, heap the measure of flour slightly; mix the molasses, sugar, lard, and water; stir in the flour; add the beaten egg last. Bake in a shallow dripping pan, and sprinkle with powdered sugar just before putting in the oven.
NO. 35, PEANUT PUDDING
1 cup molasses
1/2 cup butter
1 cup hot water
3 cups flour
1 teaspoon soda
1/4 cup coarsely ground peanuts
Sauce for same:
1 tablespoon butter
1/2 cup sugar
1 teaspoon flour
1/2 teaspoon ground cloves
Mix and steam two hours. Mix all to a cream; pour over this enough boiling water to make it like cream; flavor to suit taste.
NO. 36, PEANUT STRIPS WITH BANANAS
1 cup oat flakes
1 cup flour
1 cup peanut meal
2 cups mashed banana pulp
1 cup sugar
1/2 cup butter (softened)
1 saltspoon (or more) of salt
Blend all together; roll out 1/4 of an inch thick; cut in strips, and bake in a quick oven.
MISCELLANEOUS DISHES FROM PEANUTS
NO. 37, LIVER WITH PEANUTS
Boil the liver from two fowls or a turkey; when tender mash them fine; boil one pint of blanched peanuts until soft; mash them to a smooth paste; mix and rub through a puree-strainer; season to taste with salt, pepper, and lemon juice; moisten with melted butter; spread the paste on bread like sandwiches, or add enough hot chicken stock to make a puree; heat again and season with salt, pepper, and lemon juice.
NO. 38, MOCK CHICKEN
Blanch and grind a sufficient number of peanuts until they are quite oily; stir in one well-beaten egg; if too thin, thicken with rolled bread crumbs or cracker dust; stir in a little salt. Boil some sweet potatoes until done; peel and cut in thin slices; spread generously with the peanut mixture; dip in white of egg; fry to a chicken brown; serve hot.
NO. 39, MOCK VEAL CUTLETS
Wash one cup of lentils, and soak over night; in the morning strain and parboil in fresh boiling water for 30 minutes; drain again and cook until soft in sufficient boiling water to cover them; rub through a sieve and to the puree add 1/4 cup of melted butter, 1 cup of fine Graham bread crumbs, 1 cup of strained tomatoes to which a, speck of soda has been added, 1 cup of blanched and chopped peanuts, 1 tablespoon each of grated celery and minced onions; season with 1/4 teaspoon of mixed herbs, salt and pepper; blend all thoroughly together, and form into cutlets; dip these into egg and then in fine bread-crumbs; place in a well-greased baking pan, and brown in quick oven; arrange around a mound of well seasoned mashed potatoes, and serve with brown sauce.
NO. 40, PEANUT PATTIES
1 pint toasted bread crumbs rolled fine
1 pint of mashed potatoes (white or sweet)
2 teaspoons baking powder dissolved in the yolks of two eggs.
Season with salt, pepper, sage, and mace; heat all together; form into small cakes; dip each cake into the whites of the eggs, then into peanut meal, and brown lightly in a frying pan containing a little pork fat, not deep fat; turn and brown on both sides.
NO. 41, BROWN SAUCE
Mix thoroughly 1 teaspoon of peanut butter and 2 tablespoons browned flour with 1 tablespoon cream; add gradually 2 cups hot milk, and stir and cook until the mixture thickens; just before serving add 4 tablespoons strained tomatoes, and a little salt and pepper.
NO. 42, PEANUT SAUSAGE
Grind 1/2 pound of roasted peanuts, 1/2 pound pecans, 1 ounce hickory nuts, and 1/2 pound walnut meats. Mix with six very ripe bananas; pack in a mould, and steam continuously for two hours; when done remove from lid of kettle or mould, and when mixture is cold turn out and serve the same as roast meat sliced thin for sandwiches, or with cold tomato sauce or other sauce.
NO. 43, PEANUT AND CHEESE ROAST
1 cup grated cheese
1 cup bread crumbs
1 teaspoon chopped onion
1 cup finely ground peanuts
1 tablespoon butter
Juice of half a lemon
Salt and pepper to taste
Cook the onion in the butter and a little water until it is tender. Mix the other ingredients, and moisten with water, using the water in which the onion has been cooked. Pour into a shallow -baking dish, and brown in oven.
NO. 44, PEANUT OMELET
Cream a slice of bread in half a cup of rich milk; beat the whites and yolks of two eggs separately; add the yolks to the bread crumbs and milk; to half a cup of finely ground peanuts add a dash of pepper and salt; mix thoroughly; fold in the whites, and cook as usual in a buttered pan.
NO. 45, BAKED PEANUTS WITH RICE
4 cups milk
1/3 cup rice
1/2 cup sugar
1 tablespoon lemon juice
1/2 teaspoon salt
1 cup coarsely ground peanuts
Wash rice, putting a layer of rice and a layer of peanuts into a well-buttered pudding dish until all is used; mix the salt and sugar, sprinkling each layer with it; finish with a layer of peanuts on top, pour on the milk, if it does not cover the rice put in sufficient water; bake three hours in a very slow oven; add hot water if it cooks too dry.
NO. 46, PEANUT MACARONI AND CHEESE
1 cup broken macaroni
1 cup rich milk
2 tablespoons flour
2 quarts boiling salted water
1 cup coarsely ground peanuts
1/4 to 1/2 pound cheese
1/2 teaspoon salt
A dash of cayenne pepper
Cook macaroni in the boiling salted water; drain in a strainer, and pour cold water over it to keep the pieces from sticking together; mince cheese, and mix with all other ingredients except the macaroni; put sauce and macaroni in alternate layers in a well buttered baking dish; cover with buttered crumbs, and bake slowly until crumbs are brown.
NO. 47, PEANUT PIE CRUST
Add at the rate of 1 tablespoon of finely ground peanuts to one piecrust. You will be pleased with the agreeable change in piecrusts or any other pastry.
NO. 48, PEANUT BREAKFAST CAKES
Mash two cups of well-cooked, split peas or beans; press through a sieve; add 1 teaspoon grated celery, 1 teaspoon minced onion, 1 cup milk, 1 cup softened bread crumbs, 1 tablespoon butter, 1 cup crushed peanuts, 1 well-beaten egg; season with salt and pepper; form into small flat cakes, and brown in hot fat; place a nicely poached egg on each cake; garnish with parsley, and serve with hot cream or brown sauce.
NO. 49, PEANUTS AND MUSHROOMS
Cook 2 tablespoons of chopped onions and 1/2 cup chopped fresh mushrooms in 4 tablespoons of butter for five or six minutes; stir in 2 tablespoons flour, a little salt and pepper, and l 1/2 cups milk; cook and stir a while for five minutes longer; then add one cup of finely chopped peanuts,: reheat and boil slowly for 10 minutes. Serve on squares of buttered toast.
NO. 50 PEANUT TIMBALES
1/2 pint of peanuts cooked until soft in salted water; drain and mash.
2 well beaten eggs and two cups thin cream, added to the nuts.
1/2 teaspoon of salt, and a dash of pepper.
Turn into custard cups; put the cups in a basin; surround them with boiling water; cover the tops with buttered paper, and bake in a moderate oven for 20 or 25 minutes; then unmould and serve with a little cream sauce poured around them.
NO. 51, PEANUT BUTTER
Shell the peanuts; roast just enough so that the hulls will slip off easily; remove all the hulls by gently rolling, fanning, and screening; grind very fine in any sort of mill, passing through several times if necessary; pack in cans, bottles, or jars, and seal if not for immediate use. Some manufacturers add a little salt and a small amount of olive oil; others do not, according to taste. For small quantities of butter a good meat grinder will answer the purpose. If the nuts are ground fine enough no additional oil will be necessary.
STUFFINGS
NO. 52, PEANUT STUFFING NUMBER ONE
Crumble a pint of corn bread, adding to it a grated rind of one lemon, a cup of finely chopped peanuts, two tablespoons of mixed dried herbs, salt and pepper to taste, and one-half cup of melted butter. Bacon drippings may be used instead of butter.
NO. 53, PEANUT STUFFING NUMBER TWO
1/2 pint shelled and, roasted peanuts (peanut meal can be used)
4 drops onion juice
1 teaspoon chopped parsley, slightly moistened with cream
1/2 teaspoon powdered herbs.
Season highly with salt and pepper
NO. 54, PEANUT STUFFING NUMBER THREE
2 cups hot mashed potatoes
1 teaspoon onion juice or grated onion
1/2 cup ground peanuts (peanut meal is excellent).
1 teaspoon salt
1/4 teaspoon paprika
4 tablespoons thick cream
1 tablespoon butter
2 eggs (yolks)
One teaspoon of sweet herbs if desired.
Blend all together, and stuff in the usual way.
NO. 55, PEANUT MEAL NUMBER ONE
Blanch the peanuts and grind, very fine but not sufficient to become too oily. This meal is especially fine as a substitute in making almond macaroons and small cakes, to which it imparts the desired almond flavor, and is much cheaper than the almond meal.
NO. 56, BROWN PEANUT MEAL
Roast the peanuts carefully without scorching; when a rich light brown rub off the hulls and grind the same as for
NO. 49. This meal has many uses, such as soups, gravies, cakes, and candies, etc.
NO. 57, CREAM PEANUTS
1 teaspoon sugar
1 saltspoon salt
1 cup cream
1 pint white crowder peas
1 pint peanuts
1/2 teaspoon pepper
Boil the peas until thoroughly done; pass through a colander. Grind or crush the blanched peanuts; add all the ingredients except the cream and nuts; boil thirty minutes; mix the cream and nuts together with a tablespoon of flour; mix thoroughly; stir into the boiling peas; boil five minutes; whip vigorously until light, and serve. If one spoonful of flour is not sufficient add more.
NO. 58, SALTED PEANUTS
Roast the peanuts; shell and remove the thin hulls, put in a pan; butter slightly, put in oven and heat through; spread on piece of white paper, sprinkle with fine salt, and serve.
NO. 59, PEANUT BUTTER SANDWICHES
Roast the desired number of peanuts; rub the thin hull off the nuts; grind or rub in a mortar until quite smooth and oily; salt to taste, and spread a thin layer between crackers, lunch biscuits, rolls, or bread of that character. If the butter is not as thin as you wish, add a little fresh cow's butter, a little milk or water and rub well. This butter will not keep as well as when the milk or butter is left out.
NO. 60, PEANUT SALAD NUMBER ONE
1 small cabbage
1 cup vinegar
1 teaspoon flour
1 teaspoon butter
1 teaspoon mustard
1/2 teaspoon pepper
1 teaspoon sugar
2 eggs
1 pint peanuts
2 teaspoons salt
Chop cabbage and peanuts up fine; add the salt and pepper. Cream the butter, mustard, sugar, and flour together; stir in the vinegar; cook in double boiler until stiff; add yolks of the eggs. Pour over nuts and cabbage, and serve.
NO. 61, PEANUT SALAD NUMBER TWO
1 cup roasted peanuts
1 cup sour apples.
Chop the nuts and apples together.
Make a dressing of---
1/2 cup water
1/2 cup sugar
2 tablespoons butter
1/2 cup vinegar
1 tablespoon flour
1 egg
Whip all together, and let boil long enough to thicken; then pour over salad; serve on crisp lettuce leaves.
NOTE---If the nuts are very greasy, allow them to drain before applying the salt.
NO. 62, PEANUT SALAD NUMBER THREE
Blanch peanuts; put in the oven and brown with a bit of butter and a sprinkle of salt; when cold chop coarsely. To each cupful of nuts add two cups of finely shredded celery and an equal amount of sour apples; mix thoroughly; serve on lettuce leaves with mayonnaise dressing.
NO. 63, PEANUT AND DATE SALAD
2 cups dates, stoned and cut into small pieces cup coarsely ground peanuts
2 cups celery, finely cut
Stir well, then mix with cream salad dressing.
NO. 64, PEANUT SALAD WITH BANANAS
Slice bananas through center; spread out on lettuce leaves, and sprinkle liberally with chopped peanuts; serve with mayonnaise or plain salad dressing.
NO. 65, PEANUT ICE CREAM NUMBER ONE
1 pint cream
1 pint peanuts
3 eggs
2 quarts milk
2 teaspoons vanilla
2 cups sugar
Roast, shell, and roll the peanuts until they are quite fine; brown one cup of sugar and add to the milk; next add the remainder of the sugar, the cream, vanilla, and, lastly, the peanuts; freeze.
NO. 66, PEANUT ICE CREAM NUMBER TWO
Make a quart of lemon or vanilla cream by the usual rule; when this is half frozen, take out the dasher and add 1/2 pound of peanut brittle or two or three bars of peanut candy previously put through the meat chopper. The result is a light brown cream tasting like caramel, with the nuts all through it. It may be served in glasses or put in a brick.
NO. 67, PEANUT CREAM (PROFESSIONAL WAY)
Take 21 pounds of 18 per cent cream, 4 pounds granulated sugar, 1 teaspoon peanut butter dissolved in 1/2 cup boiling water; add caramel to give the light brown hue desired; freeze in the ordinary way.
This gives only a pleasing suggestion of peanut flavor. If more is desired increase the quantity of butter or add peanut meal.
NO. 68, PEANUT FRAPPE
Make one pint of good gelatine; set aside to harden. Stir 1 cup of granulated sugar into one pint of whipped cream, when the gelatine is just on the point of setting, stir into the whipped cream by beating with a fork; add 3/4 cup of peanut meal; serve in sherbet glasses with fresh or preserved fruit.
NO. 69, PEANUT AND PRUNE ICE CREAM
2 cups milk
3 eggs (yolks)
1/2 pound pulp from well-cooked and sweetened prunes
1 quart cream
1/2 cup blanched and ground peanuts. (Peanut meal can be used)
1 teaspoon vanilla extract and a pinch of salt
Heat the milk; pour it into the well-beaten egg yolk; blend all the other ingredients thoroughly; freeze and serve in dainty glasses.
CANDIES AND CONFECTIONS
NO. 70, PEANUT BUTTER CANDY
2 cups sugar
1/2 cup milk
2 tablespoons peanut butter
Blend together; boil for five minutes; remove from the fire and beat steadily until cool.
NO. 71, PEANUT CANDY
2 cups sugar
1 cup peanuts
Melt the sugar in a frying pan; melt slowly, stirring constantly until melted; butter a shallow dish, and cover bottom with the roasted and cleaned nuts; pour the candy over them; set aside; when cool break in pieces, and serve.
NO. 72, PEANUT CARAMELS
1 cup butter
1 cup sugar
1 cup milk or cream
1 cup molasses
1 cup ground peanuts
Cream sugar and butter; add molasses, cream or milk, stirring constantly; put mixture into a boiler and let boil, gently scraping the bottom to prevent burning (do not stir); let cook until it forms a soft mass when dropped into cool water; add peanuts and pour into buttered tins. The layer should not be more than 1/2 an inch thick. When cool enough cut into small squares, and wrap in thin glazed paper.
NO. 73, PEANUT KISSES
1 egg (white)
1/4 teaspoon vanilla
1 cupful chopped peanuts
1 cupful sifted brown sugar
Beat the egg-white very stiff; stir in the sugar, nuts and vanilla, and drop on a buttered pan; make the kisses two inches apart; bake in a moderate oven.
NO. 74, PEANUT CHOCOLATE TAFFY
2 cups granulated sugar
1/2 cup boiling water
1/4 teaspoon cream of tartar
1/2 pound of sweet chocolate
1/2 cup of peanut meal or coarsely ground meats, as desired.
Grate the chocolate; add the boiling water; stir until dissolved. Place the kettle over the fire and cook for several minutes; add the peanuts, and boil until the candy will snap when pulled apart; remove from the fire, and pour out to cool; pull and cut as desired.
NO. 75. PEANUT BALLS
2 cups brown sugar
1 cup New Orleans molasses
1/2 cup boiling water
1/4 (scant) teaspoon cream of tartar
Boil all together until the candy will snap when tested in cold water; remove from the fire; add two cups blanched peanuts (coarsely broken); stir until nearly cold; form into balls by rolling between palms of the hands; wrap in paraffin paper to prevent sticking together.
NO. 76, PEANUT CANDY NUMBER TWO
1 tablespoon butter
1 cup rich milk
1 cup shelled peanuts
1/4 cup syrup
2 cups brown sugar
Mix sugar, syrup, milk, and butter; boil until a soft ball can be formed by dropping in cold water; when nearly cold, beat, and add nuts.
NO. 77, PEANUT FILLING FOR CAKES, COOKIES, ETC.
1/2 cup sugar
3 teaspoons corn starch
1 cup chopped peanut meats
2 eggs (yolks)
1/2 cup water
1/2 cup rich milk
Use double boiler; put in the water and milk; when hot, stir in 3 teaspoons corn starch previously dissolved in a little cold water; cook for 70 minutes; add the beaten yolks of 2 eggs that have been creamed with 1/2 cup sugar; cook for 3 minutes; when cold add the chopped nuts; flavor with lemon or vanilla.
NO. 78, CANDIED PEANUTS
3 cups sugar
1 cup water
Boil until it hardens when dropped in water; then flavor with lemon. It must not boil after the lemon is put in. Put a nut on end of a fine knitting-needle; dip; take out and turn until cold. If the candy gets cold set on a warm stove for a few minutes.
NO. 79, PEANUT NOUGAT WITH HONEY
3/8 cup honey
1 pound blanched peanuts
1/2 cup brown sugar
2 egg whites
Boil the honey and sugar together until drops of the mixture hold their shapes when poured into cold water; add whites of two eggs, well beaten, and cook very slowly, stirring constantly until the mixture becomes brittle when dropped in cold water; add the peanuts and cool under a weight, break in pieces or cut and wrap in waxed paper.
NO. 80, PEANUT BUTTER FUDGE
2 cups powdered sugar
1 cup milk
2 heaping teaspoons peanut butter
Mix ingredients; boil vigorously five minutes; beat; pour in a buttered pan, and out in squares.
NO. 81, PEANUT DIVINITY FUDGE
2 eggs
2 1/2 cups sugar
1/2 cup water
1/2 cup syrup
1 cup coarsely broken peanuts
Boil the sugar, syrup, and water together until when dropped in cold water the mixture will form a hard ball between the fingers; beat the eggs stiff; pour half the boiling mixture over the eggs, beating constantly; return remaining half of the mixture to the stove, and boil until it forms a hard ball when dropped into cold water; remove from the stove, and pour slowly into first half, beating constantly; add peanuts, and flavor with vanilla; pour into a buttered pan, and cut into squares.
NO. 82, PEANUT CHOCOLATE FUDGE
1 cup cream
1 cup chopped peanuts
2 cups white granulated sugar
1 tablespoon butter
1/4 cake unsweetened chocolate
Put in the sugar and cream, and when this becomes hot, put in the chocolate, broken up into fine pieces; stir vigorously and constantly, put in the butter when it begins to boil; stir until it creams when beaten on a saucer; remove and beat until quite cool, and pour into buttered tins; add the nuts before stirring.
NO. 83, PEANUT BRITTLE NUMBER ONE
3 cups granulated sugar
1 cup roasted peanuts
1 scant cup boiling water
1/4 teaspoon soda
Melt all together over a slow fire; cook gently without stirring until a little hardens when dropped in cold water; add the nuts; turn the mixture in well-buttered pans and cut while hot. Stirring will cause the syrup to sugar.
NO. 84, PEANUT BRITTLE NUMBER TWO
2 cups granulated sugar
1 cup freshly roasted peanuts
Shell and clean the peanuts; put in the stove to heat; put sugar in frying pan, and heat over a hot fire until it changes to caramel; put the peanuts in a well buttered tin; pour the sugar over them at once; when cold turn the pan up-side down, and tap bottom until the candy falls out; break into small pieces.
NO. 85, PEANUT AND POP CORN BALLS
1/2 teaspoon soda
1 pint syrup
2 tablespoons butter
1 teaspoon vinegar
3 quarts freshly popped corn
1 quart freshly roasted peanuts
Cook until the syrup hardens when a little is dropped in cold water; remove to back of stove; add the soda dissolved in a teaspoon of hot water; pour syrup over the corn and nuts, stirring until each kernel is well coated; mould into balls.
NO. 86, FROSTED PEANUT FUDGE
Make a good chocolate fudge; beat until creamy; pour into a well buttered pan of about one inch depth; when nearly hard, cover with finely chopped fig preserves; then place in a kettle 1 cup of granulated sugar, 1/4 cup water, and a pinch of cream of tartar; boil until it forms a hard ball when dropped into water; pour over the stiffly beaten white of one egg; add one teaspoon of lemon juice or extract; cover fruit with a generous layer of crushed peanuts; whip syrup until creamy; pour over the fruit; when cold cut into squares.
NO. 87, PEANUT PANOCHA
3/4 cup cream
2 cups brown sugar
1 teaspoon vanilla flavor
2 tablespoons butter
1 cup chopped peanuts
Boil all the ingredients together except the vanilla and nuts until the soft ball stage is reached; remove from the fire and let cool; add the vanilla and nuts; beat until creamy; turn into a buttered pan; when cool cut up into squares.
NO. 88, PEANUT FRUIT ROLL
3 1/4 cups sugar
1 cup cream
1/3 cup coarsely chopped peanuts
1/2 cup each of figs, dates and candied pineapple
Boil sugar and cream until it reaches the soft-boil stage; pour out on a large platter, and cool; work with a wooden spoon until creamy; add the nuts and fruit; work until mass begins to stiffen; then make into a long roll, and wrap in a moist towel. In an hour or more it can be sliced, and the slices wrapped in oily paper.
NO. 89, SULTANA PEANUT CARAMELS
1 cup light .brown sugar
1/2 cup milk
1/2 cup golden corn syrup
1 cup Sultana raisins
1 tablespoon butter
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
1 cup granulated sugar
1/2 cup coarsely chopped peanuts
Place the ingredients in a sauce pan, and boil to the firm ball stage; remove from the fire, and flavor with vanilla. These are especially nice when dipped in chocolate.
NO. 90, NUT HONEY
1 pound sugar
1 tablespoon water
1 pound honey
Mix and set in a vessel of hot water until melted; cook over a moderate fire until it forms a ball when a little is dropped in cold water; add one pint of crushed peanuts; flavor with lemon, cut into squares.
NO. 91, PEANUT ALMOND FUDGE (VERY FINE)
1 1/2 cups sugar
1 tablespoon butter
1 cup milk
1 teaspoon almond extract
1 cup peanuts deeply browned but not scorched. Crush or grind.
Brown 1/2 cup sugar in a granite pan; add the milk; when the brown sugar is thoroughly dissolved add one cup of granulated sugar and the butter; boil to the soft-ball stage; flavor with the extract; add the peanuts; beat until creamy; pour into buttered tins, and mark off into squares.
NO. 92, PEANUT TUTTI-FRUTTI CARAMELS
2 cups light brown sugar
1/2 cup milk
1 cup peanuts, blanched and ground
1 cup corn syrup
1 tablespoon butter
1 teaspoon lemon extract
1/2 cup raisins, seeded and chopped.
1/2 cup preserved watermelon rind, chopped very fine
1/4 cup chopped figs
1/2 cup chopped dates
1/4 cup candied pineapple
Place all the ingredients in a sauce-pan together, and boil to the hard-boil stage; stir only enough to keep the mixture from sticking. If the double boiler is used, the candy will not stick much. Remove from the fire; add the extract; pour into buttered pans, and mark off into squares.
NO. 93, PEANUT HONEY PUFFS
1 egg (white)
1 cup cream
1 cup ground peanuts
3 cups sugar
1/4 cup honey
Boil the cream and sugar (without stirring) until the threading stage is reached; add the honey; when syrup will make a soft-ball when dropped into cold water, remove from the fire and beat into it the well-whipped white of an egg; add the nut-meats; when firm and creamy, whip into balls.
NO. 94, PEANUT MAPLE-SUGAR FUDGE
1 cup chopped peanuts
1 tablespoon butter
1 cup milk
2 cups maple sugar
Boil the sugar, milk, and butter to a soft ball stage when tested in cold water; add the nut-meats; remove from the fire and stir until creamy; pour into buttered pans; when cool cut into squares.
NO. 95, PEANUT CARROT FUDGE
1 tablespoon butter
1 cup carrot pulp
1 lemon
1 cup corn syrup
1 orange
2 cups sugar
1/2 cup peanut meal
1 teaspoon vanilla or almond extract
Bake some nice, yellow carrots until tender; pass through a sieve; to a cupful of this pulp add all the ingredients except the extract; pour into buttered pans, and when cool cut into cubes; use both the juice and half the grated peel of the lemon and orange.
NO. 96, PEANUT AND FIG CANDY
1 pound sugar
1/2 teaspoon vinegar
1/2 pint water
1/2 pint chopped peanut meats
Boil over a slow fire the sugar, water, and vinegar until it forms a hard ball when tested; stir a few times; shred the same quantity of dried figs as peanuts; mix. with the peanuts; spread out in a well buttered dish; pour the hot syrup over them; cool, and cut or break into small pieces.
NO. 97, PEANUT NOUGAT
1 cup peanut meal
1 cup granulated sugar
1/8 teaspoon salt
Put sugar in frying pan; stir over slow fire; when melted add the peanut meal; mix thoroughly; butter knives and the under-side of a pan; sprinkle generously with whole or half nuts roasted to a delicate brown; shape into squares 1/2 inch thick. Arrange it so that each square contains one or two whole or half nuts.
NO. 98, PEANUT MARSHMALLOWS
Lemon flavoring to taste
1/2 cup peanut meal
1/2 pound granulated sugar
4 egg whites, well beaten
1/2 pound gum Arabic dissolved in 1 pint of water
Strain the gum Arabic; add the sugar; stir over a slow fire until dissolved; cook to the consistency of thick honey; remove from the fire, and stir in the egg whites; stir until it is somewhat thin and does not adhere to the fingers; add the lemon; pour in tins dusted with corn starch; put in cool place; when firm cut into small squares.
NO. 99, PEANUT TAFFY CANDY
1 cup sugar
1/4 cup butter
1/2 cup molasses
1 cup peanuts
(freshly roasted peanuts---rolled)
Boil the sugar, molasses and butter together until it snaps when dropped in cold water; remove from fire; stir in the mashed peanuts; pour in buttered dish; pull when cold enough.
NO. 100, PEANUT BROWNIES
2 eggs
1 cup sugar
2 squares chocolate
1/2 cup flour
1/2 cup melted butter lie cup coarsely ground peanuts
Mix and bake in shallow pan in a quick oven; garnish the top with nuts; cut in squares.
FANCY CHEESE FOR THE HOME
CREAM CHEESE (After M. R. Tolstrup)
Into a gallon of 10% to 15%, sweet cream put one or two tablespoons starter, fresh buttermilk, or clean clabber milk; stir gently and heat to about 85 degrees Fahrenheit. Then add about 20 drops of rennet extract or its equivalent in rennet tablets. Dilute the rennet with cold water at least 10 times its own volume before it is added to the cream. Mix well in the cream; cover up carefully so as to retain the heat; set aside for about three hours, when a soft curt will be formed. Spread a piece of cheese-cloth over the bowl and carefully dip the curd into it, let drain for a few minutes; tie ends of the cloth together, and hang up to drain, which will require from 12 to 24 hours. Do not shake or break the curd any more than is necessary, or much fat will be lost.
When sufficiently drained, salt to taste. Mix well; wrap cloth around the cheese, put between two boards, and press lightly for a few hours. When it assumes a slightly meally consistency it is ready to eat.
If this cheese is to be marketed it must be put in glasses or 4-ounce packages, and wrapped in wax paper and tin foil, or it may be put in small 4 or 8-ounce paraffin-paper boxes.
NO. 101, PEANUT CREAM CHEESE WITH OLIVES
Remove the seed and mince one ounce of olives very fine; run through a meat-mincer, and one ounce of peanuts freshly roasted and treated the same way. To every pound of cheese add this olive and nut mixture. This is very dainty and appetizing.
NO. 102, PEANUT CREAM CHEESE WITH PIMIENTO
To every pound of cream cheese grind 1/2 ounce of pimiento pepper and one ounce of peanuts in the same way as recommended for the above.
NO. 103, PEANUT SANDWICH CHEESE
To each pound of cream cheese add two ounces of peanut meal; blend thoroughly.
NO. 104, PEANUT COFFEE
1/2 cup peanuts
1/2 cup cow peas
1/2 cup wheat or rye
Roast all to a rich coffee brown; grind and make as for postum.
To those who like a cereal coffee, this will be quite acceptable, even delicious. To more or less habitual coffee drinkers, one-third or one-half real coffee will make the above recipe more acceptable.
NO. 105, SALTED PEANUTS
Parch, rub, and winnow out the brown hulls; put in pan with just a speck of butter; heat gently, shaking all the time; when buttered sprinkle over with fine salt.
The above recipes are only a few of the many ways in which this wholesome pea can be prepared for human consumption. Let us hope that Macon County will seize her splendid opportunity and that every farmer will put in at least a small acreage of peanuts.